Table 2 Factors that influence presence (Witmer and Singer [ 63 ])

Control factors

• Degree of control

• Immediacy of control

• Anticipation of events

• Mode of control

• Physical environment modifiability

Sensory factors

• Environment richness

• Multimodal presentation

• Consistency of multimodal information

• Degree of movement perception

Distraction factors

• Isolation from the physical world

• Selective attention

• Interface awareness

Realism factors

• Scene realism

• Information consistency with objective world

• Meaningfulness of experience

• Separation anxiety/disorientation